Liver transplantation is a unique operation that has not only saved tens of thousands of lives directly, but has also led to dramatic developments in multiple fields of medicine other than surgery.

Objective: Atherosclerosis, which starts from early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is an important cause for increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to investigate whether hypomagnesemia is a marker of increased atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with CKD with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 sq m.
Material and Methods: In our study, a total of 80 patients who did not receive renal replacement therapy with GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 sq m, who were diagnosed with CKD and abided by the study entry criteria were retrospectively studied. Patients’ gender, age, presence of comorbid disease(d), medications being used, and laboratory findings were recorded. Urea, creatinine, serum electrolytes [calcium, phosphorus, magnesium (Mg)], uric acid, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, albuminuria/creatinine in spot urine, creatinine clearance, and lipid profile levels were examined.
Results: A total of 36 (45%) male and 44 (55%) female patients were included in the study. The average age was 62.79±14.08 years. Diabetes mellitus was present in 32 (40%) patients, hypertension in 53 (66.25%) patients, and hyperlipidemia in 14 (17.50%) patients. The mean Mg value of our patients was 1.83±0.35. Average for lipid levels were total cholesterol (174.59±57), triglycerides (TG) (173.59±86.85), low-density lipoprotein-C (102.42±43.61), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (38.68±12.28), non-HDL-C (134.75±49.72), TG/HDL-C (4.93±3.09), and atherogenic index in plasma (0.61±0.28). Patients were divided into two groups according to their Mg levels. Patients whose Mg levels were <1.7 mg/dL were in group A, and patients whose Mg levels were ≥1.7 mg/dL in group B. When the parameters were compared between the groups, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study conducted in patients with CKD, there was no relationship between Mg levels and lipid parameters. There is a need for larger, more comprehensive, prospective studies on this issue.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxy- glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) metabolic parameters for the prediction of risk factors and detection of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with endometrial cancer.
Material and Methods: This study included 26 patients with endometrioid carcinoma who underwent preoperative PET/CT and treated with adjuvant local radiotherapy. The maximum standard uptake value of the tumor (SUVmax-T), SUVmax of the pelvic and/or para-aortic LNs, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and tumor lesion glycolysis (TLG) with cut-off values of 30-40% were calculated. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages 3 and 4, highgrade disease, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), cervical involvement (CI), and myometrial invasion (MI) ≥50% were established as high-risk features. Disease-free survival and overall survival were analyzed in comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters.
Results: SUVmax-T was only associated with tumor diameter (p=0.01). It was not correlated with MI, high-grade disease, CI, or LNM. With SUVmax-P ≥2.81 as a cut-off value, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the detection of LNM were high (90%, 83.3%, 71.4%, respectively). For LNM, the mean MTV-30 (p=0.021), TLG-30 (p=0.030), and SUVmax-P (p=0.009) were significant predictors. According to the regression analysis, MTV-40 (p=0.043) was an independent predictor of LNM, and LVI (p=0.037) was the only significant predictor of MI. MTV-30 was a significant predictor of CI (p=0.04).
Conclusion: SUVmax-P, MTV, and TLG cut-off values, to predict LN metastases, increase diagnostic accuracy for EC.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the parameters thought to reduce the mortality of patients with epidural-subdural hemorrhage, basal ganglia hemorrhage, edema with compression effect due to intracerebral ischemic infarction, and hemorrhage from infarcts and to find significant relationships accordingly.
Material and Methods: The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, pre-operative Glasgow Coma scale (GCS), duration of the operation after the development of the first event, length of stay in intensive care units (ICUs), infection and antibiotic therapy rates developed during their hospitalization, and long-term follow-up were recorded. The survival of the patients were compared statistically.
Results: In 38 patients with GCS less than 10 points, pre-operative GCS, length of stay in ICUs, duration of mechanical ventilator support, infection, and need for antibiotic therapy were examined. All patients were divided into four groups; subdural-epidural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma, intracerebral ischemic infarction, and post-infarction hemorrhage groups. The relationship between their data and mortality were studied. The pre-operative GCS scores in the four groups were 6.16, 6.73, 7.13, and 6.28, respectively. The pre-operative GCS in these four dead groups were 5, 6.6, 7, and 6, respectively. There was no difference between the variables and mortality.
Conclusion: No correlation was found between all clinical data and survival rates. The benefits of an early surgery shown in previous studies were not associated with mortality in this study. Studies with larger case series are needed for more significant relationships.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and to plan parameters of the Monte Carlo (MC)-based volumetric arc radiation therapy (VMAT) plan, which was devised using the equivalent uniform dose concept for endometrial cancers, to the dose volume (DV)-based helical tomotherapy (HT) plan. Additionally, both approaches were evaluated in terms of tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP).
Material and Methods: The study comprised ten patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer, and treated with radixact tomotherapy unit. The target volumes (PTV) and organs at risks (OARs) were contoured through an accuracy planning system. All plans were devised to receive a total of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with the fractional dose to be 1.8 Gy for patient treatment. Monaco 5.51 planning system hosted all planning computed tomography images to devise MC-based VMAT plans. Both plans were analyzed in terms of TCP and NTCP.
Results: DV-HT plans (CI: 1.1) came with the more conformal plan while the difference between both approaches was <1% for HI. Based on the results of the analyses, no statistical difference between DV-HT plan of MC-VMAT for the dose values of 2%, 30%, and 40% of rectal volume (p>0.05) was observed. The same results were obtained for the dose values of 2% and 30% of the bladder volume (p>0.05). The D5% of the femoral heads were 7 Gy which is < MC-VMAT plan compared to DV-HT plan. The NTCP values of all OARs were <1% in both approaches.
Conclusion: Statistically, similar results were obtained in MC-VMAT and DV-HT plans for OAR’s doses when the treatment dose was given to PTV. Both approaches had no significant difference for NTCP statistically; however, the possibility of bone marrow complications to be investigated as well was concluded, so as to evaluate hematological toxicity.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and to plan parameters of the Monte Carlo (MC)-based volumetric arc radiation therapy (VMAT) plan, which was devised using the equivalent uniform dose concept for endometrial cancers, to the dose volume (DV)-based helical tomotherapy (HT) plan. Additionally, both approaches were evaluated in terms of tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP). Material and Methods: The study comprised ten patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer, and treated with radixact tomotherapy unit. The target volumes (PTV) and organs at risks (OARs) were contoured through an accuracy planning system. All plans were devised to receive a total of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions with the fractional dose to be 1.8 Gy for patient treatment. Monaco 5.51 planning system hosted all planning computed tomography images to devise MC-based VMAT plans. Both plans were analyzed in terms of TCP and NTCP. Results: DV-HT plans (CI: 1.1) came with the more conformal plan while the difference between both approaches was <1% for HI. Based on the results of the analyses, no statistical difference between DV-HT plan of MC-VMAT for the dose values of 2%, 30%, and 40% of rectal volume (p>0.05) was observed. The same results were obtained for the dose values of 2% and 30% of the bladder volume (p>0.05). The D5% of the femoral heads were 7 Gy which is < MC-VMAT plan compared to DV-HT plan. The NTCP values of all OARs were <1% in both approaches. Conclusion: Statistically, similar results were obtained in MC-VMAT and DV-HT plans for OAR’s doses when the treatment dose was given to PTV. Both approaches had no significant difference for NTCP statistically; however, the possibility of bone marrow complications to be investigated as well was concluded, so as to evaluate hematological toxicity.